2, 4– 8Ĭraniofacial defects can result in functional limitations, such as the ability to properly speak, chew food, breathe, and see clearly. These include improved patient education and medical training, more effective preoperative planning, and improved surgical confidence, the net effect of which are better clinical outcomes with decreased intraoperative complications and operating room (OR) time. Several benefits of using 3D printed materials within medicine have been described in the literature. 2, 3 This technology has been applied to numerous medical specialties, including orthopedics, neurosurgery, cardiac surgery, and plastic and reconstructive surgery. 1 Technological advances have expanded the utility of 3D printing to the realms of biology and medicine, as evidenced by a rapid increase in the number of publications in recent years involving medical applications of 3D printing. ![]() Since its invention in the 1980s, 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing and rapid prototyping, has been an indispensable tool in manufacturing items, ranging from clothes and furniture to houses and aircrafts.
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